Fairness opinionsOutsourced Services2025

Premier acquired by Patient Square Capital: fairness opinion by Goldman Sachs and BofA Securities

Announced September 22, 2025 · Going-private · Cash plus CVR · DEFM14A filed October 22, 2025
Outsourced Services Group Purchasing Organization
Enterprise value
$2.6B
EV / LTM EBITDA
10.9x
EBITDA $238M · 24% margin
EV / LTM revenue
2.68x
revenue $970M
DCF discount rate
8.5%–10.5%
Perpetuity growth

Deal terms

ConsiderationCash plus CVR
Price per share$28.25
Premium9.3%
Premium basisclosing price of $25.85 on September 5, 2025 (last trading day before Bloomberg report that Patient Square was exploring an acquisition)
StructureGoing-private
Termination fee$66.2M (2.8% of equity)
Reverse termination fee$169M
Go-shopNone
Outside date

CVR: Contingent value right tied to achievement of the FY28 Adjusted EBITDA Forecast; CVR agreement negotiated to provide enhanced enforcement rights, diligent efforts obligations and indemnification/reimbursement obligations of Patient Square Capital and the surviving company

Merger consideration valued at $28.25 per share of Company Class A common stock (as compared in BofA Securities' analyses), comprising cash plus a contingent value right tied to the FY28 Adjusted EBITDA Forecast

Implied value per share by method vs. $28.25 offer

Discounted cash flow (Goldman Sachs) $27.59 – $36.58
Illustrative Present Value of Future Share Price Analysis (Goldman Sachs) $22.18 – $30.86
Premia Paid Analysis (vs. undisturbed closing price) (Goldman Sachs) $31.28 – $37.91
Premia Paid Analysis (vs. undisturbed 52-week high) (Goldman Sachs) $22.46 – $29.46
Selected companies — EV / CY2025E Adj. EBITDA (BofA Securities) $24.80 – $32.30
Selected companies — EV / CY2026E Adj. EBITDA (BofA Securities) $21.25 – $28.55
Precedent transactions — EV / NTM Adj. EBITDA (applied to FY2026E Adj. EBITDA) (BofA Securities) $22.25 – $33.40
Discounted cash flow (BofA Securities) $26.90 – $34.10
52-Week Trading Range (informational) (BofA Securities) $17.46 – $26.28
Wall Street Analyst Price Targets (informational) (BofA Securities) $18.15 – $25.41
Premia Calculations - vs. Unaffected Share Price (informational) (BofA Securities) $31.80 – $38.26
Premia Calculations - vs. Unaffected 52-Week High (informational) (BofA Securities) $23.13 – $28.12
Present Value of Future Share Price (informational) (BofA Securities) $23.60 – $30.83
Leveraged Buy-Out Analysis (informational) (BofA Securities) $25.20 – $32.00

Ranges as disclosed in the banker’s summary of analyses; the red line marks the per-share consideration.

Opinion of Goldman Sachs to the target board

Delivered September 21, 2025 · Fee $29.6M ($29.6M contingent on closing)

Discounted cash flow assumptions

Discount rate8.5%–10.5%
BasisWACC derived using CAPM
Terminal valuePerpetuity growth
Perpetuity growth1.0%–2.0%
Exit multiple5.3x–7.9x implied terminal year EV/EBITDA
Projection periodFY2026E-FY2039E
Projections usedCompany management forecasts (including NOL and tax amortization benefits), approved for Goldman Sachs' use
Implied value per share$27.59–$36.58

Mid-year convention, discounted to June 30, 2025; separately discounted estimated NOL/tax amortization benefits for FY2026-FY2039 at 8.5%-10.5%

Other analyses

AnalysisSummaryImplied per share
Historical Stock Trading AnalysisMerger consideration represented premiums of 9.7% to the $25.75 closing price on September 19, 2025; 9.3% to the $25.85 closing price on September 5, 2025; 7.5% to the 52-week high closing price of $26.28 (period ended September 5, 2025); 16.7% to the 30-trading day VWAP of $24.21; 23.8% to the 60-day VWAP of $22.83; 23.9% to the 90-day VWAP of $22.79; and 8.7% to the median analyst price target of $26.00. 52-week low closing price also reviewed.
Illustrative Present Value of Future Share Price AnalysisApplied EV/NTM EBITDA multiples of 7.0x to 9.0x to estimated NTM EBITDA as of June 30 for FY2026-FY2028, adjusted for net debt and cumulative dividends, discounted to September 19, 2025 at a 10.2% cost of equity.$22.18–$30.86
Premia Paid Analysis (vs. undisturbed closing price)Reviewed 79 all-cash U.S. LBO transactions announced January 1, 2018 through September 19, 2025 with enterprise values of $2-5 billion; median premium 32%, 25th percentile 21%, 75th percentile 47%. Applied 21%-47% to the undisturbed closing price of $25.85 (September 5, 2025).$31.28–$37.91
Premia Paid Analysis (vs. undisturbed 52-week high)25th percentile premium of (15)% and 75th percentile premium of 12% to targets' undisturbed 52-week high; applied (15)% to 12% to Premier's undisturbed 52-week high as of September 5, 2025.$22.46–$29.46

Transaction fee estimated at approximately $29.6 million, all contingent upon consummation of the merger; Goldman Sachs may receive an additional discretionary fee of up to $5.4 million at the Company's sole discretion. Engagement letter dated May 28, 2025.

Opinion of BofA Securities to the target board

Delivered September 21, 2025 · Fee $13.5M ($11.5M contingent on closing), $2.0M on delivery of the opinion

Discounted cash flow assumptions

Discount rate9.0%–10.8%
BasisWACC derived using CAPM
Terminal valuePerpetuity growth
Perpetuity growth1.0%–2.0%
Exit multiple
Projection periodJuly 1, 2025 through June 30, 2039 (FY2026E-FY2039E)
Projections usedManagement Projections, incorporating the Tax Attributes
Implied value per share$26.90–$34.10

Mid-year discounting convention, discounted to June 30, 2025; net cash as of June 30, 2025 added; fully diluted shares on treasury stock method

Selected public companies (10)

McKesson Corporation · Cencora, Inc. · Cardinal Health, Inc. · Owens & Minor, Inc. · IQVIA Holdings Inc. · R1 RCM, Inc. · Huron Consulting Group Inc. · HealthStream, Inc. · TruBridge, Inc. · Health Catalyst, Inc.

MultiplePeer lowPeer medianPeer highRange appliedImplied per share
EV / CY2025E Adj. EBITDA6.1x11.1x13.9x 8.0x–10.5x $24.80–$32.30
EV / CY2026E Adj. EBITDA5.7x10.2x12.7x 7.0x–9.5x $21.25–$28.55

Selected precedent transactions (11)

DateTargetAcquirerMultiple
2024-12Patterson Companies, Inc.Patient Square Capital, LP
2024-08R1 RCM, Inc.TowerBrook Capital Partners, L.P.
2023-06Premier, Inc.'s Non-Healthcare GPO OperationsOMNIA Partners, Inc.
2021-06Medline Industries, L.P.Blackstone Inc.; Hellman & Friedman LLC; The Carlyle Group Inc.
2020-02Acurity, LLC; Nexera, Inc.Premier, Inc.
2017-10Avendra, LLCAramark
2016-11Innovatix, LLC; Essensa Ventures, LLCPremier, Inc.
2015-11MedAssets, Inc.Pamplona Capital Management LLP
2013-04Managed Health Care Associates, Inc.Roper Technologies, Inc.
2012-10PSS World Medical, Inc.McKesson Corporation
2010-09The Broadlane Group, Inc.MedAssets, Inc.
MultipleLowMedianHighRange appliedImplied per share
EV / NTM Adj. EBITDA (applied to FY2026E Adj. EBITDA)7.8x11.6x13.2x 8.0x–12.0x $22.25–$33.40

Other analyses

AnalysisSummaryImplied per share
52-Week Trading Range (informational)Closing trading price range of Company Class A common stock for the 52-week period ended on the Unaffected Date (September 5, 2025).$17.46–$26.28
Wall Street Analyst Price Targets (informational)Publicly available equity research analyst price targets, discounted by one year at the Company's estimated mid-point cost of equity of 10.2%.$18.15–$25.41
Premia Calculations - vs. Unaffected Share Price (informational)Reviewed premia paid in precedent LBO transactions announced between 2015 and June 30, 2025 involving U.S. public targets with transaction value of $1.0-$6.0 billion; applied an illustrative premia range of 23.0% to 48.0% to the Unaffected Share Price of $25.85.$31.80–$38.26
Premia Calculations - vs. Unaffected 52-Week High (informational)Applied a premia reference range of (12)% to 7% to the unaffected 52-week high of $26.28 as of September 4, 2025.$23.13–$28.12
Present Value of Future Share Price (informational)Illustrative future value per share through end of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 using EV/NTM Adj. EBITDA of 7.5x to 9.5x and a 10.2% cost of equity discount rate, based on the Management Projections.$23.60–$30.83
Leveraged Buy-Out Analysis (informational)Hypothetical LBO assuming a June 30, 2025 closing, 6.0x leverage, five-year holding period, sponsor IRRs of 17.5%-22.5% and exit NTM Adj. EBITDA multiples of 8.5x-10.5x, based on the Management Projections.$25.20–$32.00

Aggregate fee estimated at approximately $13.5 million, $2 million payable upon delivery of the opinion and the remainder contingent upon consummation of the merger. BofA and affiliates derived approximately $6 million of revenue from the Company and approximately $64 million from Patient Square and its affiliates/portfolio companies from September 1, 2023 through August 31, 2025.

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Management projections

Projection yearYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5CAGR
Revenue$955M$1.0B$1.1B$1.2B$1.3B7.7%
Revenue growth-1.5%5.2%9.1%7.4%9.1%
EBITDA$232M$260M$284M$312M$365M12.0%
EBITDA growth-2.3%12.1%9.2%9.9%17.0%
EBITDA margin24%26%26%27%28%
Implied EV / EBITDA11.2x10.0x9.2x8.3x7.1x

Year-1 growth is against LTM at announcement ($970M revenue, $238M EBITDA); later years are year over year.

Company management prepared nonpublic unaudited "Financial Forecasts" for fiscal years 2026 through 2039 (FY2026-FY2030 from management's long-range plan excluding the Contigo Health business; FY2031-FY2039 extrapolated by management assuming reduced growth rates). Total revenue grows from $955 million in FY2026 to $1,284 million in FY2030 and $1,603 million in FY2039, with Total Adjusted EBITDA (unburdened by SBC) of $232 million in FY2026, $365 million in FY2030 and $456 million in FY2039; unlevered free cash flow of $111 million in FY2026 rising to $229 million in FY2039, plus separately projected tax amortization and NOL benefits. Only FY2026-FY2030 were made available to Patient Square; the full forecast set was approved for use by BofA Securities and Goldman Sachs.

Process notes

Two financial advisors (Goldman Sachs and BofA Securities) each delivered oral opinions on September 21, 2025, confirmed in writing the same date, to the Premier Board. A Transaction Committee of the Board oversaw negotiations with counsel Cravath and Wachtell Lipton; the Committee determined the full Board was independent and disinterested for purposes of approving the transaction. Consideration includes a contingent value right tied to a FY28 Adjusted EBITDA Forecast, the terms of which were heavily negotiated (efforts obligations, enforcement rights, indemnification); the CVR was described as a significant component of the value of Patient Square's proposal. Company fiduciary termination fee of $66,215,100 equals 2.75% of equity value and the Parent (reverse) termination fee of $168,550,000 equals 7.00% of equity value; Patient Square Capital Fund provided a limited guaranty capped at $174,350,000. An initially proposed "go shop" provision was dropped in exchange for a lower fiduciary termination fee. Neither advisor solicited third-party interest. Merger agreement provides that if closing has not occurred by November 26, 2025, closing would not occur prior to January 27, 2026 without Patient Square's consent. Both banks disclosed substantial prior/current relationships with Patient Square (Goldman ~$20 million of fees over two years; BofA ~$64 million).

Other Outsourced Services fairness opinions

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