Fairness opinionsSpecialty Outpatient Facilities2025

FONAR acquired by Damadian family Acquisition Group: fairness opinion by Marshall & Stevens

Announced December 23, 2025 · Going-private · All cash · DEFM14A filed April 16, 2026
Specialty Outpatient Facilities Imaging Sponsor: Management Take Private (Damadian family Acquisition Group)
Enterprise value
$69.3M
EV / LTM EBITDA
4.3x
EBITDA $16.2M · 15% margin
EV / LTM revenue
0.65x
revenue $106M
DCF discount rate
14.5%
Perpetuity growth

Deal terms

ConsiderationAll cash
Price per share$19.00
Premium
Premium basis
StructureGoing-private
Termination fee$0.5M
Reverse termination fee
Go-shopNone
Outside date

Implied value per share by method vs. $19.00 offer

Liquidation Scenario - Adjusted Book Value Method $14.63
Reconciled Conclusion of Value / Per Share Value Conclusion $14.48 – $15.52
Class A Non-voting Preferred Stock Valuation (DLOM / lack of voting discounts) $10.32 – $11.06

Ranges as disclosed in the banker’s summary of analyses; the red line marks the per-share consideration.

Opinion of Marshall & Stevens to the special committee

Delivered December 23, 2025 · Fee $0.1M ($0.0M contingent on closing), $0.1M on delivery of the opinion

Discounted cash flow assumptions

Discount rate14.5%
BasisWACC of 14.5%, based on cost of equity of ~16.2% (20-yr U.S. Treasury 4.74%, ERP 6.26% per Kroll, re-levered beta 0.77, size premium 2.66%, company-specific risk premium 4.0%) and after-tax cost of debt of ~4.6%; 15% debt / 85% equity capital structure
Terminal valuePerpetuity growth
Perpetuity growth2.0%
Exit multiple8.0x terminal year multiple calculated using Gordon Growth Model (WACC 14.5%, terminal growth 2.0%)
Projection period10-year forecast period (years 1-10) plus terminal value in year 11
Projections usedDecember Projections provided by FONAR management
Implied value per share

Indicated fair market value of total equity before minority interest of $142,376 thousand; less 29.37% minority interest in HDM ($41,816 thousand) = $100,600 thousand of common equity on a controlling basis; range approximately $97,600 thousand to $104,000 thousand. Weighted 50% in the reconciliation. Tax rate 27%, capex 2.0% of revenue, working capital-to-sales 69.0%, revenue growth 2.0%.

Selected public companies (9)

Ardent Health, Inc. (ARDT) · Astrana Health, Inc. (ASTH) · Bruker Corporation (BRKR) · Community Health Systems, Inc. (CYH) · HCA Healthcare, Inc. (HCA) · Hologic, Inc. (HOLX) · Nutex Health Inc. (NUTX) · RadNet, Inc. (RDNT) · Tenet Healthcare Corporation (THC)

MultiplePeer lowPeer medianPeer highRange appliedImplied per share
EV / LTM Revenue (size-adjusted)0.9x1.4x1.5x 0.9x–1.1x
EV / Projected Year 1 Revenue (size-adjusted)0.9x1.4x1.5x 0.9x–1.1x
EV / LTM EBITDA (size-adjusted)5.9x7.9x9.3x 6.0x–7.0x
EV / Projected Year 1 EBITDA (size-adjusted)5.9x6.8x9.3x 5.5x–6.5x

Other analyses

AnalysisSummaryImplied per share
Liquidation Scenario - Third Party CollectionHypothetical liquidation assuming orderly collection of $84,468 thousand of A/R over six years with 5.0% collection costs plus $5,000 thousand MRI asset liquidation net of $2,000/yr removal costs, discounted at 4.0% (sensitivity 4.0%/5.5%/7.0%). PV of liquidation cash flow $75,140 thousand; plus cash $54,276 thousand, less American Transit reserve $2,349 thousand; total equity $127,067 thousand less 29.37% minority interest = ~$89,700 thousand controlling common equity (range ~$87,800 to $89,700 thousand). Weighted 25%.
Liquidation Scenario - Adjusted Book Value MethodAdjusted book value at 9/30/2025 prepared by Mr. Feigenbaum at request of Valuation Firm A: total value $137,643 thousand less 29.37% minority interest ($40,426 thousand) = ~$97,200 thousand controlling common equity; divided by 6,645 fully diluted shares = $14.63 per share. Considered as a reference point only; no weight in the reconciliation.$14.63
Reconciled Conclusion of Value / Per Share Value ConclusionWeighting: DCF 50%, guideline public company 25%, third-party collection liquidation 25%, adjusted book value 0%. Concluded fair market value of total equity on a controlling and marketable basis of ~$96,225 to $103,150 thousand, equating to ~$14.48 to $15.52 per share for Common, Class B and Class C (3:1) stock, versus the $19.00 offered price ($6.34 for Class C).$14.48–$15.52
Class A Non-voting Preferred Stock Valuation (DLOM / lack of voting discounts)Applied a 25.0% discount for lack of marketability (put option models 15.0%-17.0%; restricted stock studies 21.9%-34.0%; benchmark range 20.0%-25.0%) and a 5.0% discount for lack of voting rights (empirical studies 1.3%-10.0%, mean 5.3%; court cases 0.0%-9.1%), producing indicated value of ~$10.32 to $11.06 per share versus the $10.50 offered price.$10.32–$11.06
Guideline Public Company Analysis - equity value indicationIndicated enterprise value range ~$92,400 to $110,800 thousand; after adding cash of $54,276 thousand, deducting the $2,349 thousand American Transit reserve and $0 debt, and applying a 29.37% minority interest adjustment, indicated controlling common equity of ~$101,900 to $114,900 thousand (mid $108,400 thousand).

Engaged July 29, 2025 on a fixed fee basis; $120,000 fee for rendering its opinion, paid in full and not contingent upon completion of the transaction or the conclusion reached. No other services provided to Parent or the Company.

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Management projections

Projection yearYear 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5CAGR
Revenue$109M$111M$113M$115M$118M2.0%
Revenue growth2.1%1.9%2.1%1.9%2.0%
EBITDA$17.7M$19.2M$19.2M$19.3M$20.8M4.1%
EBITDA growth9.3%8.5%0.0%0.5%7.8%
EBITDA margin16%17%17%17%18%
Implied EV / EBITDA3.9x3.6x3.6x3.6x3.3x

Year-1 growth is against LTM at announcement ($106M revenue, $16.2M EBITDA); later years are year over year.

FONAR management provided Projections representing 10-year unlevered after-tax free cash flow forecasts (with terminal value in year 11), prepared for internal use in evaluating a going-private transaction and approved by the Special Committee for Marshall & Stevens' reliance. Key assumptions were nominal revenue growth of 2.0% per year, gross margins consistent with recent historical levels, capex of 2.0% of revenue, working capital at 69.0% of sales and a 27% tax rate; TTM 9/30/2025 revenue was $105.4 million with $14.8 million EBITDA and Projected Year 1 revenue $107.5 million with $16.2 million EBITDA. Successive versions were provided (July, November and December Projections); only the December Projections underpinned the December 23, 2025 opinion, with the July and November-based preliminary presentations (August 11 and December 2, 2025) not relied upon by the Special Committee.

Process notes

Controller/management buyout going-private transaction under Rule 13e-3; a Special Committee of disinterested directors retained Marshall & Stevens (a valuation firm, not an investment bank) for a fixed $120,000 fee not contingent on closing. Notably, Marshall & Stevens' concluded value range of $14.48-$15.52 per share was below the $19.00 per share offered price for Common/Class B (and $10.32-$11.06 versus the $10.50 offered for the Class A Non-voting Preferred), supporting fairness. Multiple classes of stock receive different per-share prices ($19.00 Common/Class B, $6.34 Class C on a 3:1 basis, $10.50 Class A Non-voting Preferred). The Special Committee had countered at $22.50 per share versus the Acquisition Group's $17.25 Supplemental Proposal. The process was a 'no-shop/non-bidding' process at the Acquisition Group's request; the Acquisition Group stated it would not support alternative third-party transactions. Termination fee of $450,000 (inclusive of Parent's out-of-pocket expenses). No precedent transaction analysis was performed. The opinion speaks as of December 10, 2025 (valuation date) though dated/delivered December 23, 2025. A preliminary adjusted book value calculation was prepared by management (Mr. Feigenbaum) at the request of 'Valuation Firm A'.

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